Welcome back to the Python Tutorial Series for Beginners! 🎉

In Lesson 2, we explored variables and data types in Python.
Now in Lesson 3, we’ll dive into Operators – the tools that allow us to perform calculations, compare values, and build logic in our programs.

By the end of this lesson, you’ll understand:

• Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, etc.)
• Comparison operators (==, !=, >, <)
• Logical operators (and, or, not)
• Assignment operators (+=, -=, etc.)

🔹 What are Operators?

Operators are special symbols or keywords in Python used to perform operations on values and variables.

Think of them like the buttons on a calculator – but more powerful.

🔹 1. Arithmetic Operators

These are used to perform basic math operations:

x = 10
y = 3
print(x + y)   # Addition → 13
print(x - y)   # Subtraction → 7
print(x * y)   # Multiplication → 30
print(x / y)   # Division (float) → 3.333...
print(x // y)  # Floor division → 3
print(x % y)   # Modulus (remainder) → 1
print(x ** y)  # Exponent (power) → 1000

🔹 2. Comparison Operators

These are used to compare two values. They return True or False.

a = 5
b = 10
print(a == b)   # Equal → False
print(a != b)   # Not equal → True
print(a > b)    # Greater than → False
print(a < b)    # Less than → True
print(a >= 5)   # Greater or equal → True
print(b <= 10)  # Less or equal → True

🔹 3. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditions.

x = 8
print(x > 5 and x < 10)   # True (both conditions true)
print(x > 10 or x < 5)    # False (neither true)
print(not(x > 5))         # False (because x > 5 is True, so not makes it False)

🔹 4. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are shortcuts for updating variables.

x = 10
x += 5   # Same as x = x + 5 → 15
x -= 3   # Same as x = x - 3 → 12
x *= 2   # Same as x = x * 2 → 24
x /= 4   # Same as x = x / 4 → 6.0

🔹 5. Combining Operators in Expressions

You can mix different operators to create more complex expressions.

age = 20
is_student = True
print(age > 18 and is_student)   # True
print(age < 18 or is_student)    # True

🔹 Exercises for Beginners

Try these in a new Python file (lesson3.py):

1. Create two variables a = 15 and b = 4. Print their:
   • sum
   • difference
   • product
   • quotient (both / and //)
   • remainder
   • exponent (a ** b)
2. Check if 25 is greater than 10 and less than 30.
3. Suppose you have x = 7. Use assignment operators to:
   • Add 3
   • Multiply by 2
   • Subtract 4
4. Challenge: Write a small program that checks if a person can vote.
   • Variable: age
   • Condition: age must be >= 18
   • Print True if eligible, False if not.

🎯 Recap

In this lesson, you learned:
✅ Arithmetic operators for calculations
✅ Comparison operators for checking conditions
✅ Logical operators for combining conditions
✅ Assignment operators for quick updates

Next up: Lesson 4 – Strings in Python (working with text, string methods, and formatting). ✨